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Database

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Database Architecture

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PostgreSQL (Primary Database)

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Redis (Cache & Sessions)

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PostgreSQL Configuration

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High Availability

• Multi-AZ Deployment: Automatic failover to standby instance
• Read Replicas: Optional read-only replicas for scaling
• Automated Backups: Point-in-time recovery with 35-day retention
• Maintenance Windows: Scheduled maintenance with minimal downtime

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Performance Optimization

• Connection Pooling: PgBouncer for efficient connection management
• Query Optimization: Automated query performance insights
• Storage: GP3 SSD with configurable IOPS and throughput
• Monitoring: CloudWatch metrics and Performance Insights

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Security

• Encryption at Rest: AES-256 encryption for all data
• Encryption in Transit: Configurable SSL/TLS enforcement via force_ssl parameter (defaults to optional)
• Field-Level Encryption: Sensitive values such as OAuth access/refresh tokens and client secrets are additionally encrypted at the application level before being written to their columns (see the OAuth Broker FAQ)
• Network Isolation: Private subnets with security groups
• Access Control: IAM database authentication
• Transport Security: Aurora PostgreSQL supports both optional and mandatory SSL connections
• Parameter Groups: Custom parameter groups with configurable security policies

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Redis Configuration

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Caching Strategy

• Session Storage: User sessions and authentication tokens
• Application Cache: Frequently accessed data caching
• Rate Limiting: API rate limiting and throttling
• Background Jobs: Task queue and job processing

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High Availability

• Cluster Mode: Multi-node cluster for high availability
• Automatic Failover: Seamless failover to replica nodes
• Backup and Restore: Automated snapshots and recovery
• Cross-AZ Replication: Data replication across availability zones

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Database Schema

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Core Tables

• Users: User accounts and profiles
• Organizations: Multi-tenant organization data
• Resources: Managed cloud resources
• Policies: Governance and access policies
• Audit Logs: Comprehensive audit trail
• Configurations: System and user configurations

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Indexing Strategy

• Primary Keys: Optimized for fast lookups
• Foreign Keys: Referential integrity and join performance
• Composite Indexes: Multi-column indexes for complex queries
• Partial Indexes: Conditional indexes for specific use cases

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Enterprise Database Services

• Database Design Optimization - Schema design and query optimization
• Performance Tuning - Database performance analysis and tuning
• Scaling Strategy - Read replicas and sharding strategies
• Backup and Recovery - Custom backup and disaster recovery plans
• Security Hardening - Advanced database security configuration
• Compliance Support - Regulatory compliance and data governance

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Monitoring and Maintenance

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Performance Monitoring

• Query Performance: Slow query analysis and optimization
• Resource Utilization: CPU, memory, and storage monitoring
• Connection Monitoring: Connection pool and session tracking
• Cache Hit Rates: Redis cache performance metrics

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Automated Maintenance

• Backup Verification: Regular backup integrity testing
• Index Maintenance: Automated index optimization
• Statistics Updates: Query planner statistics refresh
• Log Rotation: Automated log management and archival

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Connection Pool Configuration

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Database Connection Pool Settings

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ECS/Terraform Configuration

database_config = {
  # ... other database settings ...

  # Connection pool settings (optional - defaults shown)
  pool_size     = 100       # Base connections maintained in pool (default: 100)
  max_overflow  = 30        # Additional connections beyond pool_size (default: 30)
  pool_timeout  = 30        # Seconds to wait for connection (default: 30)
  pool_recycle  = 3600      # Seconds before recreating connections (default: 3600)
  pool_pre_ping = true      # Test connections before use (default: true)
}

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Helm Configuration

backend:
  env:
    DB_POOL_SIZE: "100" # Base connections in pool
    DB_MAX_OVERFLOW: "30" # Additional connections beyond pool_size
    DB_POOL_TIMEOUT: "30" # Connection timeout in seconds
    DB_POOL_RECYCLE: "3600" # Connection recreation interval (seconds)
    DB_POOL_PRE_PING: "true" # Enable connection health checks

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Connection Pool Parameters

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Sizing Guidelines

• Low Traffic: pool_size=20, max_overflow=20 (40 total connections)
• Medium Traffic: pool_size=100, max_overflow=30 (130 total connections)
• High Traffic: pool_size=100, max_overflow=100 (200 total connections)

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SSL Connection Configuration

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Database SSL Configuration

database_config = {
  force_ssl = 1  # 1 = SSL required, 0 = SSL optional (default)
}

• All connections without SSL will be rejected
• Applications must include SSL parameters in connection strings
• Use sslmode=require or stronger in connection strings

• Both SSL and non-SSL connections are accepted
• SSL is still recommended for security
• Applications can optionally use SSL parameters

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Application Configuration

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Connection Examples

# When force_ssl = 1 (required)
DATABASE_URL = "postgresql://username:password@host:5432/database?sslmode=require"

# When force_ssl = 0 (optional) - SSL recommended
DATABASE_URL = "postgresql://username:password@host:5432/database?sslmode=prefer"

# When force_ssl = 0 (optional) - Non-SSL (not recommended)
DATABASE_URL = "postgresql://username:password@host:5432/database"

const config = {
  host: "your-aurora-endpoint",
  port: 5432,
  database: "your-database",
  user: "username",
  password: "password",
  ssl: {
    require: true,
    rejectUnauthorized: false, // Set to true in production with proper CA
  },
};

connStr := "postgres://username:password@host:5432/database?sslmode=require"

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SSL Certificate Download

wget https://truststore.pki.rds.amazonaws.com/global/global-bundle.pem

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Best Practices

• Regular Backups: Automated daily backups with point-in-time recovery
• Security Updates: Automated security patching during maintenance windows
• Performance Monitoring: Continuous monitoring with alerting
• Capacity Planning: Proactive scaling based on usage patterns
• Data Retention: Automated data archival and cleanup policies
• SSL Enforcement: Always use SSL connections with certificate validation in production